Sistema de ahorro energético con sensor inalámbrico de sueño

In the following paper, perform the development and evaluation of a device capable of identifying the sleep state of a person from the measurement of the respiratory frequency, integrating it into a Z-Wave system to perform spatial domotic control. It was evidenced, by means of the analysis of electrical consumption tests, how the implementation of the system generates a significant saving of 38% with respect to the average monthly consumption in a house, and how its application contributes to an environment conducive to sleep by reducing noise that generate the multimedia equipment in the room -off immediately after a detection-. The correct functioning of the sensor is observed due to the characteristics of the measurements of quality of service (QoS) parameters: Delay, Throughput and Jitter, guaranteeing that the loss of information is null and that the system implemented is viable.En el siguiente artículo se realiza el desarrollo y evaluación de un dispositivo capaz de identificar el estado de sueño de una persona a partir de la medición de la frecuencia respiratoria, integrándolo a un sistema tipo Z-Wave para realizar control domótico espacial. Se evidenció, por medio del análisis de pruebas de consumo eléctrico, cómo la implementación del sistema genera un ahorro significativo del 38% con respecto al consumo promedio mensual en una vivienda, y cómo su aplicación contribuye con un entorno propicio para dormir al disminuir el ruido que generan los equipos multimedia en la habitación -apagados inmediatamente después de una detección-. Se observa un correcto funcionamiento del sensor por las características de las mediciones de los parámetros de calidad de servicio (QoS): Delay, Throughput y Jitter, garantizándose que la pérdida de información es nula y que el sistema implementado es viable.&nbsp

Design and implementation of electronic test bench for the characterization of supercapacitors

Este artículo describe el desarrollo, diseño e implementación de un banco de pruebas electrónico para la caracterización de supercondensadores, basándose en el método de carga y descarga a corriente constante propuesto por la norma IEC62391 . El banco de pruebas cuenta con un circuito electrónico que permite obtener y acondicionar las señales eléctricas tomadas del supercondensador para transmitirlas por medio de un Microcontrolador a un computador en donde se genera una base de datos en Excel y una interfaz gráfica en Matlab.This paper describes the development, design and implementation of a test bed for the characterization of supercapacitors based on the method of loading and unloading constant current proposed by the IEC 62391 standard. The test bench comprises an electronic circuit for obtaining and to condition electrical signals of the supercapacitor, the electrical signals are transmitted by a microcontroller to a computer where a database and a graphical user interface is generated in Matlab

5to. Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad. Memoria académica

El V Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad, CITIS 2019, realizado del 6 al 8 de febrero de 2019 y organizado por la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, ofreció a la comunidad académica nacional e internacional una plataforma de comunicación unificada, dirigida a cubrir los problemas teóricos y prácticos de mayor impacto en la sociedad moderna desde la ingeniería. En esta edición, dedicada a los 25 años de vida de la UPS, los ejes temáticos estuvieron relacionados con la aplicación de la ciencia, el desarrollo tecnológico y la innovación en cinco pilares fundamentales de nuestra sociedad: la industria, la movilidad, la sostenibilidad ambiental, la información y las telecomunicaciones. El comité científico estuvo conformado formado por 48 investigadores procedentes de diez países: España, Reino Unido, Italia, Bélgica, México, Venezuela, Colombia, Brasil, Estados Unidos y Ecuador. Fueron recibidas un centenar de contribuciones, de las cuales 39 fueron aprobadas en forma de ponencias y 15 en formato poster. Estas contribuciones fueron presentadas de forma oral ante toda la comunidad académica que se dio cita en el Congreso, quienes desde el aula magna, el auditorio y la sala de usos múltiples de la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, cumplieron respetuosamente la responsabilidad de representar a toda la sociedad en la revisión, aceptación y validación del conocimiento nuevo que fue presentado en cada exposición por los investigadores. Paralelo a las sesiones técnicas, el Congreso contó con espacios de presentación de posters científicos y cinco workshops en temáticas de vanguardia que cautivaron la atención de nuestros docentes y estudiantes. También en el marco del evento se impartieron un total de ocho conferencias magistrales en temas tan actuales como la gestión del conocimiento en la universidad-ecosistema, los retos y oportunidades de la industria 4.0, los avances de la investigación básica y aplicada en mecatrónica para el estudio de robots de nueva generación, la optimización en ingeniería con técnicas multi-objetivo, el desarrollo de las redes avanzadas en Latinoamérica y los mundos, la contaminación del aire debido al tránsito vehicular, el radón y los riesgos que representa este gas radiactivo para la salud humana, entre otros

Erratum: Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Interpretation: By quantifying levels and trends in exposures to risk factors and the resulting disease burden, this assessment offers insight into where past policy and programme efforts might have been successful and highlights current priorities for public health action. Decreases in behavioural, environmental, and occupational risks have largely offset the effects of population growth and ageing, in relation to trends in absolute burden. Conversely, the combination of increasing metabolic risks and population ageing will probably continue to drive the increasing trends in non-communicable diseases at the global level, which presents both a public health challenge and opportunity. We see considerable spatiotemporal heterogeneity in levels of risk exposure and risk-attributable burden. Although levels of development underlie some of this heterogeneity, O/E ratios show risks for which countries are overperforming or underperforming relative to their level of development. As such, these ratios provide a benchmarking tool to help to focus local decision making. Our findings reinforce the importance of both risk exposure monitoring and epidemiological research to assess causal connections between risks and health outcomes, and they highlight the usefulness of the GBD study in synthesising data to draw comprehensive and robust conclusions that help to inform good policy and strategic health planning

4to. Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad. Memoria académica

Este volumen acoge la memoria académica de la Cuarta edición del Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad, CITIS 2017, desarrollado entre el 29 de noviembre y el 1 de diciembre de 2017 y organizado por la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana (UPS) en su sede de Guayaquil. El Congreso ofreció un espacio para la presentación, difusión e intercambio de importantes investigaciones nacionales e internacionales ante la comunidad universitaria que se dio cita en el encuentro. El uso de herramientas tecnológicas para la gestión de los trabajos de investigación como la plataforma Open Conference Systems y la web de presentación del Congreso http://citis.blog.ups.edu.ec/, hicieron de CITIS 2017 un verdadero referente entre los congresos que se desarrollaron en el país. La preocupación de nuestra Universidad, de presentar espacios que ayuden a generar nuevos y mejores cambios en la dimensión humana y social de nuestro entorno, hace que se persiga en cada edición del evento la presentación de trabajos con calidad creciente en cuanto a su producción científica. Quienes estuvimos al frente de la organización, dejamos plasmado en estas memorias académicas el intenso y prolífico trabajo de los días de realización del Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad al alcance de todos y todas

Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017.

BACKGROUND: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 comparative risk assessment (CRA) is a comprehensive approach to risk factor quantification that offers a useful tool for synthesising evidence on risks and risk-outcome associations. With each annual GBD study, we update the GBD CRA to incorporate improved methods, new risks and risk-outcome pairs, and new data on risk exposure levels and risk-outcome associations. METHODS: We used the CRA framework developed for previous iterations of GBD to estimate levels and trends in exposure, attributable deaths, and attributable disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), by age group, sex, year, and location for 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or groups of risks from 1990 to 2017. This study included 476 risk-outcome pairs that met the GBD study criteria for convincing or probable evidence of causation. We extracted relative risk and exposure estimates from 46 749 randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, household surveys, census data, satellite data, and other sources. We used statistical models to pool data, adjust for bias, and incorporate covariates. Using the counterfactual scenario of theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL), we estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to a given risk. We explored the relationship between development and risk exposure by modelling the relationship between the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and risk-weighted exposure prevalence and estimated expected levels of exposure and risk-attributable burden by SDI. Finally, we explored temporal changes in risk-attributable DALYs by decomposing those changes into six main component drivers of change as follows: (1) population growth; (2) changes in population age structures; (3) changes in exposure to environmental and occupational risks; (4) changes in exposure to behavioural risks; (5) changes in exposure to metabolic risks; and (6) changes due to all other factors, approximated as the risk-deleted death and DALY rates, where the risk-deleted rate is the rate that would be observed had we reduced the exposure levels to the TMREL for all risk factors included in GBD 2017

Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Stanaway JD, Afshin A, Gakidou E, et al. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet. 2018;392(10159):1923-1994.Background The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 comparative risk assessment (CRA) is a comprehensive approach to risk factor quantification that offers a useful tool for synthesising evidence on risks and risk outcome associations. With each annual GBD study, we update the GBD CRA to incorporate improved methods, new risks and risk outcome pairs, and new data on risk exposure levels and risk outcome associations. Methods We used the CRA framework developed for previous iterations of GBD to estimate levels and trends in exposure, attributable deaths, and attributable disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), by age group, sex, year, and location for 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or groups of risks from 1990 to 2017. This study included 476 risk outcome pairs that met the GBD study criteria for convincing or probable evidence of causation. We extracted relative risk and exposure estimates from 46 749 randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, household surveys, census data, satellite data, and other sources. We used statistical models to pool data, adjust for bias, and incorporate covariates. Using the counterfactual scenario of theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL), we estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to a given risk. We explored the relationship between development and risk exposure by modelling the relationship between the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and risk-weighted exposure prevalence and estimated expected levels of exposure and risk-attributable burden by SDI. Finally, we explored temporal changes in risk-attributable DALYs by decomposing those changes into six main component drivers of change as follows: (1) population growth; (2) changes in population age structures; (3) changes in exposure to environmental and occupational risks; (4) changes in exposure to behavioural risks; (5) changes in exposure to metabolic risks; and (6) changes due to all other factors, approximated as the risk-deleted death and DALY rates, where the risk-deleted rate is the rate that would be observed had we reduced the exposure levels to the TMREL for all risk factors included in GBD 2017. Findings In 2017,34.1 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 33.3-35.0) deaths and 121 billion (144-1.28) DALYs were attributable to GBD risk factors. Globally, 61.0% (59.6-62.4) of deaths and 48.3% (46.3-50.2) of DALYs were attributed to the GBD 2017 risk factors. When ranked by risk-attributable DALYs, high systolic blood pressure (SBP) was the leading risk factor, accounting for 10.4 million (9.39-11.5) deaths and 218 million (198-237) DALYs, followed by smoking (7.10 million [6.83-7.37] deaths and 182 million [173-193] DALYs), high fasting plasma glucose (6.53 million [5.23-8.23] deaths and 171 million [144-201] DALYs), high body-mass index (BMI; 4.72 million [2.99-6.70] deaths and 148 million [98.6-202] DALYs), and short gestation for birthweight (1.43 million [1.36-1.51] deaths and 139 million [131-147] DALYs). In total, risk-attributable DALYs declined by 4.9% (3.3-6.5) between 2007 and 2017. In the absence of demographic changes (ie, population growth and ageing), changes in risk exposure and risk-deleted DALYs would have led to a 23.5% decline in DALYs during that period. Conversely, in the absence of changes in risk exposure and risk-deleted DALYs, demographic changes would have led to an 18.6% increase in DALYs during that period. The ratios of observed risk exposure levels to exposure levels expected based on SDI (O/E ratios) increased globally for unsafe drinking water and household air pollution between 1990 and 2017. This result suggests that development is occurring more rapidly than are changes in the underlying risk structure in a population. Conversely, nearly universal declines in O/E ratios for smoking and alcohol use indicate that, for a given SDI, exposure to these risks is declining. In 2017, the leading Level 4 risk factor for age-standardised DALY rates was high SBP in four super-regions: central Europe, eastern Europe, and central Asia; north Africa and Middle East; south Asia; and southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania. The leading risk factor in the high-income super-region was smoking, in Latin America and Caribbean was high BMI, and in sub-Saharan Africa was unsafe sex. O/E ratios for unsafe sex in sub-Saharan Africa were notably high, and those for alcohol use in north Africa and the Middle East were notably low. Interpretation By quantifying levels and trends in exposures to risk factors and the resulting disease burden, this assessment offers insight into where past policy and programme efforts might have been successful and highlights current priorities for public health action. Decreases in behavioural, environmental, and occupational risks have largely offset the effects of population growth and ageing, in relation to trends in absolute burden. Conversely, the combination of increasing metabolic risks and population ageing will probably continue to drive the increasing trends in non-communicable diseases at the global level, which presents both a public health challenge and opportunity. We see considerable spatiotemporal heterogeneity in levels of risk exposure and risk-attributable burden. Although levels of development underlie some of this heterogeneity, O/E ratios show risks for which countries are overperforming or underperforming relative to their level of development. As such, these ratios provide a benchmarking tool to help to focus local decision making. Our findings reinforce the importance of both risk exposure monitoring and epidemiological research to assess causal connections between risks and health outcomes, and they highlight the usefulness of the GBD study in synthesising data to draw comprehensive and robust conclusions that help to inform good policy and strategic health planning. Copyright (C) 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd

Design and evaluation of an IoT system for the estimation of the respiratory signal with analytical video

La apnea obstructiva del sueño (AOS) es una enfermedad que la padecen más de cien millones de personas en el mundo. Para ser diagnosticada, se requiere de una valoración en donde las personas son monitoreadas durante toda una noche mientras duermen, estos exámenes son incomodos y su agendamiento es demorado. Este trabajo de grado desarrolla un sistema que permite el monitoreo e identificación de la frecuencia respiratoria de una persona en estado de sueño a partir de la técnica de magnificación de video por medio de video-analítica en la nube, para el apoyo en la valoración y diagnóstico de la AOS Sueño. En términos metodológicos, se realiza un análisis en un sistema remoto para el reconocimiento de la frecuencia respiratoria mediante la magnificación de video de una grabación de una persona en estado de sueño. Por su parte el estado del arte permite mostrar que existen trabajos previos de los cuales se ha implementado la video analítica para la detección de signos vitales. Las pruebas realizas demuestran que el sistema tiene un grado de precisión del 97.87% comparado con un sensor compuesto por dispositivos electrónicos comerciales. Finalmente, se concluye en términos generales que el sistema propuesto tiene el potencial para consolidarse como un sistema que contribuya en el área de la salud a la detección de la AOS.Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a disease suffered by more than one hundred million people in the world. To be diagnosed, an assessment is required where people are monitored overnight while they sleep, these exams are uncomfortable, and their scheduling is delayed. This degree work develops a system that allows the monitoring and identification of the respiratory frequency of a person in a dream state from the technique of video magnification through video-analytics in the cloud, for support in the assessment and diagnosis of OSA Sleep. In methodological terms, an analysis is performed on a remote system for the recognition of respiratory rate by means of video magnification of a recording of a person in a dream state. For its part, the state of the art allows us to show that there are previous works of which video analysis has been implemented for the detection of vital signs. The tests carried out show that the system has a degree of precision of 97.87% compared to a sensor made up of commercial electronic devices. Finally, it is concluded in general terms that the proposed system has the potential to consolidate as a system that contributes to the detection of OSA in the health area.Magíster en Ingeniería del Internet de las CosasMaestríahttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5972-6170https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=000169313

Energy saving system with wireless sleep sensor

En el siguiente documento se realiza el desarrollo y evaluación de un dispositivo capaz de identificar el estado de sueño de una persona a partir de la medición de la frecuencia respiratoria, integrándolo a un sistema tipo Z-Wave para realizar control domótico espacial. Se evidenció, por medio del análisis de pruebas de consumo eléctrico, cómo la implementación del sistema genera un ahorro significativo del 38% con respecto al consumo promedio mensual en una vivienda, y cómo su aplicación contribuye con un entorno propicio para dormir al disminuir el ruido que generan los equipos multimedia en la habitación -apagados inmediatamente después de una detección-. Se observa un correcto funcionamiento del sensor por las características de las mediciones de los parámetros de calidad de servicio (QoS): Delay, Throughput y Jitter, garantizándose que la pérdida de información es nula y que el sistema implementado es viable.In the following document, perform the development and evaluation of a device capable of identifying the sleep state of a person from the measurement of the respiratory frequency, integrating it into a Z-Wave system to perform spatial domotic control. It was evidenced, by means of the analysis of electrical consumption tests, how the implementation of the system generates a significant saving of 38% with respect to the average monthly consumption in a house, and how its application contributes to an environment conducive to sleep by reducing noise that generate the multimedia equipment in the room -off immediately after a detection-. The correct functioning of the sensor is observed due to the characteristics of the measurements of quality of service (QoS) parameters: Delay, Throughput and Jitter, guaranteeing that the loss of information is null and that the system implemented is viable